Whether you’re a professional tradesperson or a DIY enthusiast, understanding the parts of a ladder is essential for safe and effective use. This guide breaks down the key components you’ll find on most ladders, explains what they do, and highlights additional features found on specialised models.
In simple terms, a ladder is a tool comprising a series of horizontal steps (rungs) supported between two vertical members (stiles or rails) used to climb up or down. Ladders vary in design and purpose, from basic step ladders for home use to multi-section extension ladders for work at height.
These fundamental parts are common across most ladder types:
The stiles are the main vertical supports running along each side of the ladder. They hold the rungs or steps and provide the ladder’s structural strength. Depending on material and design, stiles may be aluminium, fibreglass or timber.
These are the horizontal bars you place your feet on when climbing. Rungs and steps may be shaped differently (round, flat or D-shaped) and often feature textured, anti-slip surfaces for better grip.
The feet are the parts at the base of the stiles that contact the ground. Good ladder feet have rubber or slip-resistant caps to improve grip on different surfaces and prevent the ladder from sliding.
On folding ladders such as step ladders, spreaders are the hinged supports that hold the front and rear sections open and stable. These components lock in place to prevent the ladder from collapsing while in use.
Many ladders incorporate locks to secure sections when extended or unfolded. For example, extension ladders have rung locks that hold the extended section at height until released.
Depending on type and purpose, ladders may include specialised components that improve functionality and safety.
Found on many step ladders, the top cap can serve as a tool tray or platform for small items like screws, paintbrushes and tools – but should never be used as a step.
On platform ladders, the top is a flat, stable surface rather than a narrow rung, letting you stand more comfortably for longer tasks.
On extension or multi-section ladders, the fly is the part that slides upward to extend the ladder, while the base section stays stationary. A pulley and rope mechanism often assists with extension.
Some extension ladders include rail guides to keep the fly section aligned and rubberised end caps on top sections to protect the ladder and prevent debris entering hollow stiles.
Below are examples of how components vary across ladder designs:
Additional accessories can improve stability and make working at height safer:
Regular inspection of all components – rungs, stiles, feet, locks and braces – is vital for safety. Check for cracks, bends, loose bolts, worn feet or signs of corrosion. Damaged ladders should be taken out of service immediately. Our ladder inspection checklist and reminders will help to keep you safe and compliant.
Understanding the parts and features of ladders helps you choose the right tool for the job and use it safely. From the core components like rungs, stiles and feet to specialised accessories and mechanisms, each part has a role in stability, safety and ease of use.